江宁孔山、茨山高骊山组中遗迹化石组合的生态分析

江宁孔山、茨山高骊山组是一个典型的三角洲层序,可分为三个亚相及若干微相,高骊山组下部的前三角洲亚相中发现Chondrites-Planolites-Palaeophycus组合,中部远岸砂坝微相发现Palaeophycus-?Protopaleodictyon组合;河口砂坝微相见Palaeophycus-trail Phycodes?组合,上部的废异河道微相含有Rhizocorallium jenense-Gyrolithes-Palaeophycus组合。这些组合有着明确的指相意义,遗迹属种、生态类型及组合在剖面上的分布与环境条件有着密切的关系。     

碎斑熔岩相特征与相模式

本文在研究侵出相碎斑熔岩体产出的地质特征基础上,总结了其结构构造和组分特征的规律性变化,建立了四种形式的相模式。     

Hydrogeochemistry and Groundwater Quality Assessment of Lower Part of the Ponnaiyar River Basin, Cuddalore District, South India

The Lower Ponnaiyar River Basin forms an important groundwater province in South India constituted by Tertiary formations dominated by sandstones and overlain by alluvium. The region enjoyed artesian conditions 50 years back but at present frequent failure of monsoon and over exploitation is threatening the aquifer. Further, extensive agricultural and industrial activities and urbanization has resulted in the increase in demand and contamination of the aquifer. To identify the sources and quality of groundwater, water samples from 47 bore wells were collected in an area of 154 km² and were analysed for major ions and trace metals. The results reveal that the groundwater in many places is contaminated by higher concentrations of NO₃, Cl, PO₄ and Fe. Four major hydrochemical facies Ca–Mg–Cl, Na–Cl, Ca–HCO₃ and Na–HCO₃ were identified using Piper trilinear diagram. Salinity, sodium adsorption ratio, and sodium percentage indicate that most of the groundwater samples are not suitable for irrigation as well as for domestic purposes and far from drinking water standards. The most serious pollution threat to groundwater is from nitrate ions, which are associated with sewage and fertilizers application. The present state of the quality of the lower part of Ponnaiyar River Basin is of great concern and the higher concentration of toxic metals (Fe and Ni) may entail various health hazards.     

娘子关泉群水化学特征及成因

娘子关泉群流量7.19m³·s^-1,提水量约1.7 m³·s^-1,其是阳泉市区和平定县城主要供水水源.查明其泉群水化学特征及成因,对合理利用水资源与污染防治具有重要意义.以娘子关泉域岩溶大泉为研究对象,通过样品采集和水化学同位素,以地球科学系统理论为指导综合运用地质构造、水化学监测和同位素方法分析娘子关泉群水化学特征及成因.娘子关泉群其pH值7.2~7.5.钙离子112.1~135.2 mg·L^-1.硫酸根离子185.6~271.8 mg·L^-1.水化学类型为HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg.泉群水化学特征总体表现为高Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺和SO₄^2-,低Na⁺、K⁺和Cl^-.城西泉的补给路径较短,其次是五龙泉.其余5组泉补给路径较远.娘子关泉群水化学特征表现为：煤矿酸性排水的污染有加剧趋势,生活污水的污染有减缓趋势.环境同位素示踪显示城西泉的SO₄^2-主要来源于大气降水和石膏溶解.五龙泉的SO₄^2-值增加,其变化主要受煤矿酸性水污染量的影响.